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timmy
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Has no life at all |
Location: UK, in Devon
Registered: February 2003
Messages: 13783
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Dateliene 26 May 2005, on http://www.365gay.com/newscon05/05/052605prejudice.htm
Article is reporduced in its entiretu below:
(Tempe, Arizona) Prejudice is a form of "common sense", hard-wired into the human brain through evolution as an adaptive response to protect our prehistoric ancestors from danger, according to a new study by researchers at Arizona State University.
"By nature, people are group-living animals -- a strategy that enhances individual survival and leads to what we might call a 'tribal psychology'," says Steven Neuberg, ASU professor of social psychology, who authored the study with doctoral student Catherine Cottrell.
"It was adaptive for our ancestors to be attuned to those outside the group who posed threats such as to physical security, health or economic resources, and to respond to these different kinds of threats in ways tailored to have a good chance of reducing them."
The study appears in the May issue of the "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology".
The study contends that, because human survival was based on group living, "outsiders" were viewed as – and often were – very real threats.
Unfortunately, says Neuberg, because evolved psychological tendencies are imperfectly attuned to the existence of dangers, people may react negatively to groups and their members even when they actually pose no realistic threat.
Neuberg and Cottrell had 235 European American students at ASU think about nine different groups: gay men, activist feminists, African Americans, Asian Americans, European Americans, fundamentalist Christians, Mexican Americans, Native Americans and nonfundamentalist Christians.
The researchers then had the participants rate these groups on the threats they pose to American society (e.g., to physical safety, values, health, etc.) and report the emotions they felt toward these groups (e.g., fear, anger, disgust, pity, etc.).
Consistent with the researchers' hypotheses, findings revealed that distinct prejudices exist toward different groups of people. Some groups elicited prejudices characterized largely by fear, others by disgust, others by anger, and so on. Moreover, the different "flavors" of prejudice were associated with different patterns of perceived threat.
Follow-up work further shows that these different prejudices motivate inclinations toward different kinds of discrimination, in ways apparently aimed at reducing the perceived threat.
"Groups seen as posing threats to physical safety elicit fear and self-protective actions, groups seen as choosing to take more than they give elicit anger and inclinations toward aggression, and groups seen as posing health threats elicit disgust and the desire to avoid close physical contact," says Cottrell.
"One important practical implication of this research is that we may need to create different interventions to reduce inappropriate prejudices against different groups," says Neuberg.
For example, if one is trying to decrease prejudices among new college students during freshman orientation, different strategies might be used for bringing different groups together.
"For instance, given that whites stereotypically perceive blacks as threats to physical safety, it would be inadvisable to suggest a game of outdoor night-time basketball, given that darkness heightens people's fear. Sharing a plate of nachos might be a better choice," Cottrell says. "But if the aim is to reduce prejudice against gay men – viewed to pose a health treat because of association with AIDS, and thereby eliciting physical disgust –sharing finger food might not be a good idea."
Neuberg and Cottrell are both adamant to point out that just because prejudices are a fundamental and natural part of what makes us human, that doesn't mean that learning can't take place and that responses can't be dampened.
"People sometimes assume that because we say prejudice has evolved roots we are saying that specific prejudices can't be changed. That's simply not the case," Neuberg says. "What we think and feel and how we behave is typically the result of complex interactions between biological tendencies and learning experiences. Evolution may have prepared our minds to be prejudiced, but our environment influences the specific targets of those prejudices and how we act on them."
©365Gay.com 2005
There you are. We are fighting prejudice because we are dangerous. So now we know! Avoid gay men like you avoid poisonous berries!
The oroginal source is behind a subscription barrier but the synopisis states:
Different Emotional Reactions to Different Groups: A Sociofunctional Threat-Based Approach to "Prejudice".
By Cottrell, Catherine A.; Neuberg, Steven L.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2005 May Vol 88(5) 770-789
The authors suggest that the traditional conception of prejudice--as a general attitude or evaluation--can problematically obscure the rich texturing of emotions that people feel toward different groups. Derived from a sociofunctional approach, the authors predicted that groups believed to pose qualitatively distinct threats to in-group resources or processes would evoke qualitatively distinct and functionally relevant emotional reactions. Participants' reactions to a range of social groups provided a data set unique in the scope of emotional reactions and threat beliefs explored. As predicted, different groups elicited different profiles of emotion and threat reactions, and this diversity was often masked by general measures of prejudice and threat. Moreover, threat and emotion profiles were associated with one another in the manner predicted: Specific classes of threat were linked to specific, functionally relevant emotions, and groups similar in the threat profiles they elicited were also similar in the emotion profiles they elicited. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)
It is at http://content.apa.org/journals/psp/88/5 and is article 4
Author of Queer Me! Halfway Between Flying and Crying - the true story of life for a gay boy in the Swinging Sixties in a British all male Public School
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"Homophobia is Common Sense"
By: timmy on Thu, 26 May 2005 14:39 |
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These days, anything that comes out of USA frightens me.
By: JFR on Thu, 26 May 2005 14:51 |
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Re: These days, anything that comes out of USA frightens me.
By: timmy on Thu, 26 May 2005 14:55 |
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Re: These days, anything that comes out of USA frightens me.
By: ron on Thu, 26 May 2005 22:06 |
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Re: "Homophobia is Common Sense"
By: Pyro on Thu, 26 May 2005 21:57 |
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Re: "Homophobia is Common Sense"
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The Brain
By: Deeej on Fri, 27 May 2005 14:55 |
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Re: "Homophobia is Common Sense"
By: charlee on Sat, 28 May 2005 14:06 |
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Re: "Homophobia is Common Sense"
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Re: "Homophobia is Common Sense"
By: saben on Sat, 04 June 2005 03:25 |
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Re: "Homophobia is Common Sense"
By: saben on Sun, 29 May 2005 13:16 |
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